Below are two proposed classifications, which could be used to aid understanding of materials and components, in relation to the scoping document. They not exhaustive, but could be a starting point for either. Feel free to adpat and use these if they fit your project.
Both are available as .md files.
Classification of Material Substances
This hierarchical classification is from the following reference:
Marschallek, B. E., & Jacobsen, T. (2020). Classification of material substances: Introducing a standards-based approach. Materials & Design, 193, 108784.
Link to the source:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108784
References to the specific standards and sources for the classification are available at the source, in Supplementary materials 1 & 2.
Classification (in English)
German translation is available through the source, in Supplementary material 2
- Raw Materials
- Primary Raw Materials
- Animal Raw Materials
- Body Coverings
- By-Products of Animal Husbandry/Excretions
- Innards/Organs
- Materials Produced/Collected by Animals
- Skeletal Raw Materials
- Others
- Mineral Raw Materials
- Energy Resources
- Coals
- Gases
- Oils
- Uranes
- Others
- Minerals
- Borates
- Carbonates (+ Nitrates)
- Elements
- Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
- Metallic Carbides, Silicides, Nitrides and Phosphides
- Metalloids and Nonmetals
- Nonmetallic Carbides and Nitrides
- Others
- Halides
- Organic Compounds
- Oxides
- Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates
- Silicates (Germanates)
- Sulfides and Sulfosalts
- Sulfates
- Others
- Mineral Fibers/Wools
- Rocks and Soils
- Magmatic Rocks
- Plutonic Rocks
- Volcanic Rocks
- Others
- Metamorphic Rocks
- Meteorites
- Iron Meteorites
- Stony-Iron Meteorites
- Stone Meteorites
- Others
- Moon Rocks
- Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Solid Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Biogenic Solid Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Chemical Solid Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Clastic Solid Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Others
- Unconsolidated Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Biogenic Unconsolidated Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Chemical Unconsolidated Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Clastic Unconsolidated Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Others
- Others
- Solid Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Others
- Magmatic Rocks
- Others
- Energy Resources
- Vegetable Raw Materials
- Trees
- Components
- Fibrous Materials and Fibers
- Saps and Extracts
- Others
- Grasses, Shrubs and Plants
- Components
- Fibrous Materials and Fibers
- Saps and Extracts
- Others
- Others
- Trees
- Others
- Animal Raw Materials
- Secondary Raw Materials
- Plastic Wastes
- Standard Plastics
- Technical/Engineering Plastics
- Others
- Recovered Papers
- Ordinary Grades
- Medium Grades
- High Grades
- Kraft Grades
- Special Grades
- Others
- Scrap Metals
- Non-Ferrous Scrap Metals
- Scrap Irons and Steels
- Others
- Waste Glasses
- Brown Glasses
- Clear Glasses
- Green Glasses
- Others
- Waste Woods
- Category A I: Waste Woods in its Natural State or Mechanically Treated
- Category A II: Painted (etc.) Waste Woods Without Organohalogen Compounds in the Coatings and Without Wood Preservatives
- Category A III: Waste Woods With Organohalogen Compounds in the Coatings and Without Wood Preservatives
- Category A IV: Waste Woods With Wood Preservatives and Others (excl. PCB-Waste Woods)
- Others
- Others
- Plastic Wastes
- Others
- Primary Raw Materials
- Materials
- Materials of Ceramic Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Ceramics
- Non-Oxide Ceramics
- Oxide Ceramics
- Coarse Ceramics
- Dense Ceramics
- Porous Ceramics
- Others
- Fine Ceramics
- Dense Ceramics
- Non-Refractory Ceramics
- Refractory Ceramics
- Others
- Porous Ceramics
- Others
- Dense Ceramics
- Silicate Ceramics
- Coarse Ceramics
- Dense Ceramics
- Porous Ceramics
- Non-Refractory Ceramics
- Refractory Ceramics
- Others
- Others
- Fine Ceramics
- Dense Ceramics
- Non-Refractory Ceramics (Porcelains)
- Hard-Paste Porcelains
- Soft-Paste Porcelains
- Others
- Refractory Ceramics (Stoneware)
- Others
- Non-Refractory Ceramics (Porcelains)
- Porous Ceramics
- Earthenware
- Calcareous Earthenware
- Feldspatic Earthenware
- Mixed Stone Earthenware
- Vitreous-China
- Others
- Others
- Dense Ceramics
- Others
- Coarse Ceramics
- Others
- Auxiliary Materials
- Others
- Ceramics
- Others
- Materials of Glass Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Glasses
- Metallic and Carbonaceous Glasses
- Non-Oxide and Non-Silicate Glasses
- Halide Glasses
- Selenide Glasses
- Sulfide Glasses
- Telluride Glasses
- Others
- Oxide Single - and Multi-Component Glasses
- Borate Glasses
- Phosphate Glasses
- Silica Glasses
- Other
- Silicate Glasses
- Alikali-Alkaline-Earth-Silicate Glasses
- Borosilicate Glasses
- Lead Silicate Glasses
- Others
- Others
- Auxiliary Materials
- Others
- Glasses
- Others
- Materials Leather Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Pelts
- Leathers
- Fur
- Crust Leathers
- Wet-Blue
- Wet-White
- (Finished) Smooth Leathers
- Napa Leathers
- Aniline Leathers
- Semi-Aniline Leathers
- Pigmented Leathers
- Coated Leathers
- Patent Leathers
- Others
- Others
- Shrink/Shrunk/Winkled Leathers
- Others
- Napa Leathers
- (Finished) Suedes
- Lining Leathers
- Nubuck Leathers
- Velours leathers
- Others
- Others
- Bonded Leathers
- Imitation Leathers
- Auxiliary Materials
- Others
- Others
- Materials of Metal Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Materials of Ferrous Metals Steels
- Iron Alloys
- Cast Irons
- Steels
- Alloyed Steels
- Alloyed Stainless Steels
- Alloyed Quality Steels
- Others
- Unalloyed Steels
- Unalloyed Stainless Steels
- Unalloyed Quality Steels
- Others
- Stainless Steels
- Others
- Alloyed Steels
- Others
- Materials of Pure Ferrous Metals
- Others
- Iron Alloys
- Materials of Non-Ferrous Metals
- Non-Ferrous Alloys
- Non-Ferrous Alloys of Heavy Metals
- Cadmium Alloys
- Cobalt Alloys
- Copper Alloys
- Lead Alloys
- Nickel Alloys
- Precious Metal Alloys
- Gold Alloys
- Silver Alloys
- Platinum Alloys
- Others
- Tin Alloys
- Zinc Alloys
- Others
- Non-Ferrous Alloys of Light Metals
- Aluminium Alloys
- Magnesium Alloys
- Titanium Alloys
- Others
- Other
- Non-Ferrous Alloys of Heavy Metals
- Materials of Pure Non-Ferrous Metals
- Materials of Pure Light Metals
- Materials of Pure Non-Ferrous Heavy Metals
- Materials of Precious Metals
- Materials of Refractory Non-Ferrous Metals
- Others
- Others
- Auxiliary materials
- Others
- Non-Ferrous Alloys
- Others
- Materials of Ferrous Metals Steels
- Others
- Materials of Paint and Colour Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Coating Materials
- Fillers
- Paint and Varnishes
- Synthetic Resin Plasters
- Others
- Colorants/Coloring Materials
- Dyestuffs
- Organic Dyestuffs
- Organic Black Dyestuffs
- Organic Colored Dyestuffs
- Organic Luminous Dyestuffs
- Others
- Others
- Organic Dyestuffs
- Pigments
- Inorganic Pigments
- Infra-Red (IR) Absorbing Pigments
- Inorganic Black Pigments
- Inorganic Colored Pigments
- Inorganic Effect Pigments
- Inorganic Luminous Pigments
- Inorganic White Pigments
- Near Infra-Red (NIR) Reflecting Pigments
- Others
- Organic Pigments
- Organic Black Pigments
- Organic Colored Pigments
- Organic Effect Pigments
- Organic Luminous Pigments
- Others
- Others
- Inorganic Pigments
- Others
- Dyestuffs
- Auxiliary Materials
- Additives
- Binders
- Others
- Others
- Coating Materials
- Others
- Materials of Paper Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Pulps
- Chemical Pulps
- Hardwood Pulps
- Softwood Pulps
- Others
- Mechanical Pulps
- Mechanical Pulps with Chemical Pretreatment
- Mere Mechanical Pulps
- Others
- Dissolving Pulps
- Rags
- Others
- Chemical Pulps
- Papers
- Graphics Papers
- Archival Papers
- Coated Papers
- Copy Papers
- Copying Papers
- Drawing Papers
- Envelope Papers
- Newsprint Papers
- Printing Papers
- Translucent drawing Papers
- Typewriting Papers
- Writing Papers
- Others
- Hygiene Papers/Sanitary Papers
- Handkerchiefs
- Kitchen Rolls
- Napkins
- Toilet-Papers
- Others
- Packaging Papers
- Bogus Papers
- Label Papers
- Packaging Papers
- Papers for Production of Cores for Yarn
- Others
- Technical and Speciality Papers
- Banknote Papers
- Blotting Papers
- Cigarette Papers
- Creped Papers
- Filter Papers
- Isolating Papers
- Oiled Papers/Waxed Papers (Sandwich Papers)
- Stamp Papers
- Sterilization Papers
- Tea Bag Papers
- Others
- Others
- Graphics Papers
- Boards
- Packaging Boards
- Corrugated Fiberboards
- Chipboards
- Solid Boards
- Others
- Technical and Speciality Boards
- Beer Mat Boards
- Bookbinding Boards
- Others
- Others
- Packaging Boards
- Paper Boards
- Graphic Paper Boards
- Index Cards
- Others
- Packaging Paper Boards
- Core Boards
- Folding Boxboards
- Folder Stocks/Cover Board
- Other
- Technical and Speciality Paper Boards
- Lamp Shade Base Boards
- Playing Card Boards
- Others
- Others
- Graphic Paper Boards
- Auxiliary Materials
- Others
- Pulps
- Others
- Materials of Plastic Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Adhesives
- Glues
- Dissolvent or Dispersion Adhesives
- Hot-Melt Adhesives
- Pastes
- Reaction Adhesives
- Others
- Plastics
- Elastomers
- Thermoplastics
- Thermosetting Plastics
- Others
- Auxiliary Materials
- Extenders and Reinforcements
- Flame Retardants
- Plasticizers
- Others
- Others
- Adhesives
- Others
- Materials of Stone Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Ashlars
- Magmatic Ashlars
- Plutonic Ashlars
- Volcanic Ashlars
- Others
- Metamorphic Ashlars
- Sedimentary Ashlars
- Unconsolidated Sedimentary Ashlars
- Biogenic Unconsolidated Sedimentary Ashlars
- Chemical Unconsolidated Sedimentary Ashlars
- Clastic Unconsolidated Sedimentary Ashlars
- Others
- Solid Sedimentary Ashlars
- Biogenic Solid Sedimentary Ashlars
- Chemical Solid Sedimentary Ashlars
- Clastic Solid Sedimentary Ashlars
- Others
- Others
- Unconsolidated Sedimentary Ashlars
- Others
- Magmatic Ashlars
- Artificial Stones
- Cement-Based Artificial Stones
- Resin-Based Artificial Stones
- Sintered Artificial Stones
- Compound Artificial Stones
- Others
- Auxiliary Materials
- Others
- Ashlars
- Other materials
- Materials of Textile Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Processed Materials
- Textiles
- Textile Fibers
- Natural Fibers
- Animal Fibers
- Mineral Fibers
- Vegetable Fibers
- Others
- Man-Made Fibers
- Man-Made Fibers of Natural or Synthetic Polymers
- Modified Fibers
- Others
- Manufactured Fibers on an Anorganic Basis
- Others
- Natural Fibers
- Textile Semi-Finished and Finished Products
- Laminar Textiles (Fabrics) or Textiles of Bodied Structure
- Adhesive Bonded Knop Textiles
- Bobbinets
- Braidings
- Coated Textiles
- Cotton Wools
- Embroideries
- Felts
- Flocked Textiles
- Foam Laminated Textiles
- Hosiery Goods and Knitted Fabrics
- Laces
- Nettings
- Nonwovens
- Stitch-Bonded Fabrics
- Tufted Fabrics
- Woven Fabrics
- Others
- Textiles of Linear Structure
- Tapes of the Spinning, Preparation for Spinning and Roving
- Rovings (Fiber)
- (Single) Yarns
- One- or Two-Ply Yarns
- Multiple Wound Yarns
- Linen, Braids, Ropes and Similar
- Tows
- Others
- Unformed Textiles
- Flocks
- Others
- Others
- Laminar Textiles (Fabrics) or Textiles of Bodied Structure
- Others
- Textile Fibers
- Auxiliary Materials
- Others
- Textiles
- Others
- Materials of Wood Production
- Unprocessed Materials
- Round Timbers
- Hardwood Round Timbers
- Softwood Round Timbers
- Others
- Sawn Timbers
- Hardwood Sawn Timbers
- Softwood Sawn Timbers
- Others
- Wood Veneers
- Hardwood Veneers
- Softwood Veneers
- Others
- Sawdust
- Hardwood Sawdust
- Softwood Sawdust
- Others
- Woodfibers
- Hardwood Fibers
- Softwood Fibers
- Others
- Lignified Materials
- Others
- Round Timbers
- Processed Materials
- Wood-Based Panels
- Wood-Based Panels of Sawn Timber
- Solid Wood Panels (SWPP)
- Others
- Wood-Based Panels of Veneers
- Laminated Veneer Lumbers (LVL)
- Plywood
- Others
- Wood-Based Panels of Particles
- Oriented Strand Boards (OSB)
- Particleboards
- Others
- Wood-Based Panels of Fibers
- Fiber Boards
- Others
- Others
- Wood-Based Panels of Sawn Timber
- Auxiliary Materials
- Others
- Wood-Based Panels
- Others
- Unprocessed Materials
- Composite Materials
- Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC)
- Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)
- Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC)
- Auxiliary Materials
- Others
- Others
- Materials of Ceramic Production
Classification of Engineering Components
This hierarchical classification for components is a suggestion from the researcher, following a desktop research, and is not an exhaustive or universally applicable taxonomy. However, it may help guide the future development of a components standard and give some context to a shared understanding of components.
Please, take this taxonomy and make it your own.
This classification is an aggregation from a number of component supplier websites as well as assistance from the AI chatbot ChatGPT. The referenced supplier websites are:
Automotion Components - https://www.automotioncomponents.co.uk/en
Accu - https://www.accu.co.uk/
RS-Online - https://uk.rs-online.com/web/
McMaster-Carr - https://www.mcmaster.com/
Classification
- Engineering Components
- Mechanical Components
- Structural components
- Bars and rods
- Beams
- Braces
- Cables
- Chassis
- Columns
- Extrusions
- Frames
- Joists
- Lintels
- Mullion
- Panels and diaphragm
- Piles
- Plates
- Purlins
- Rafters
- Slabs
- Spacers and shims
- Struts
- Stud
- Tendons
- Ties and straps
- Trusses
- Yokes
- Fasteners
- Bolts/Screws
- Cap Head Screws
- Button Head Screws
- Countersunk Screws
- Shoulder Screws
- Hexagon Bolts
- Pan Head Screws
- Grub Screws
- Security Screws
- Polyfix Screws for Plastics
- Captive Screws
- Hand Screws
- Threaded Bars
- Slotted Screws
- Carriage Bolts
- Thread Forming / Self Tapping Screws
- Eye Bolts
- Mushroom Screws
- Joint Connector Bolts
- Masonry Anchors
- Nuts
- Hexagonal Nuts
- Locking Nuts
- Connector Nuts
- Dome Nuts
- Barrel Nuts
- Hand Nuts
- Square Nuts
- Tee / T Nuts
- Security Nuts
- Cap Nuts
- Cage Nuts
- Slotted Round Nuts
- Thread Reducers
- Pipe Nuts
- Washers
- Flat Washers
- Spacers
- Anti-Vibration / Locking Washers
- Spring Washers
- Compression Washers
- Recessed Washers
- Spherical Washers
- Sealing Washers
- Retaining Washers
- Shoulder Washers
- Tapered Washers
- Tab Washers
- Washers For Captive Screws
- Rivets
- Nails
- Staples
- Clips
- Anchors
- Pins
- Clamps
- Straps
- Circlips
- Adhesives & Tape
- Bolts/Screws
- Motion Components
- Linear Guideways & Rails
- Linear Guideways
- Long Linear Rails
- Long Travel Stages
- Lead Screws & Ball Screws
- Lead Screws & Nuts
- Ball Screw & Nuts
- Bearing Supports
- Linear Bearings & Shafts
- Linear Shaft Bars
- Linear Shaft Supports
- Bearing Mounts
- Linear Bearings
- Linear Tables, Positioning Stages & Crossed Roller Sets
- Linear Tables
- Linear Rail Sets
- Manual Positioning Stages
- Motorised Linear Stages
- Rotary Stages
- Telescopic Slides
- Telescopic Slides
- Pins & Spacers
- Dowel Pins
- Spring Pins
- Other Pins
- Spacers
- Anti-Vibration, Levelling Feet & Materials Handling
- Anti-Vibration Components
- Levelling Feet
- Material Handling
- Universal Joints & Rod Ends
- Universal Joints
- Rod Ends
- Gears, Gear Boxes and Belts
- Standard Spur Gears
- Other Precision Gears
- Right Angle Gear Boxes
- Chains, Belts & Pulleys
- Ring Bearings
- Flexure Pivot Bearings
- Chains and Sprockets
- Springs
- Linear Guideways & Rails
- Fluid Components
- Pipe, Tubing, Hose & Fittings
- Pipe Fittings & Pipe
- Pipe Hangers
- Pipe Joints
- Pipe & Tube Repair Clamps
- Pipe Flange Spreaders
- Tubing
- Tube Fittings
- Tube Cutters
- Tube Flaring Tools
- Tube Benders
- Manifolds
- Hose
- Hose Fittings
- Hose Nozzles
- Hose & Tube Clamps
- Hose Reels
- Tank Fittings
- Pumps
- Compressors
- Valves
- Nozzles and Diffusers
- Heat Exchangers
- Reservoirs
- Filters
- Pipe, Tubing, Hose & Fittings
- Structural components
- Electrical Components
- Power Components
- Transformers
- Generators
- Motors
- Switches
- Circuit Breakers
- Fuses
- Relays
- Cables & Wires
- Signal Components
- Antennas
- Cables and Connectors
- Amplifiers
- Oscillators
- Filters
- Modulators and Demodulators
- Demultiplexers and Multiplexers
- Relays & Signal Conditioning
- Control Components
- Sensors
- Actuators
- Controllers
- Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
- Human-Manchine Interfaces (HMIs)
- Power Components
- Electronic Components
- Passive Components
- Resistors
- Capacitors
- Inductors
- Filters
- Active Components
- Diodes
- Transistors
- Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- Optoelectronics
- Raspberry Pi, Arduino, ROCK & Development Tools
- Sensors
- Electromechanical Components
- Relays
- Switches
- Connectors
- Displays
- Motors
- Fans
- Solenoids
- Passive Components
- Mechanical Components